长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业环保现状调查研究

对长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业的环保现状进行了调查研究,结果发现:当前区域垃圾焚烧企业,在保证规模、控制数量及地域上均衡布置的前提下,行业废水、废气污染治理设施齐全,废水、废气均稳定可达标排放,调查时段内未有投诉问题。区域垃圾焚烧行业在做到当下要求的情况下,实现了区域垃圾焚烧行业污染可控,对城市垃圾焚烧行业环保发展具备借鉴意义。     

Threats to at-risk salmonids of the Canadian Rocky Mountain region

Trout and charr, members of the salmonid family, have high conservation value but are also susceptible to anthropogenic threats in part due to the specificity of their habitat requirements. Understanding historical and future threats facing these species is necessary to promote their recovery. Of freshwater trout and charr in the Canadian Rocky Mountain region, westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus; a charr species) and Athabasca rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are of conservation concern. And indeed, range contractions and declining populations are evident throughout much of their ranges. Range contraction was most evident in the southern Alberta designatable unit (DU) of westslope cutthroat trout. Diminished populations were also evident in the downstream watersheds of the Alberta bull trout range, and throughout the Athabasca rainbow trout range. We assessed historical and future threats to evaluate the relative importance of individual threats to each DU and compare their impact among species. Individual threats fall into the broad categories of angling, non-native species and genes, habitat loss and alteration, and climate change. Severity of each threat varies by DU and reflects the interaction between species’ biology and the location of the DU. Severity of threats facing each DU has changed over time, reflecting extirpation of native populations, changes in management and industry best practices, expansion of non-native species and progressing climate change. The overall threat impact for each DU indicates a high probability of substantial and continuing declines and calls for immediate action.     

Combining ability of yield and yield components among Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae-compatible and Striga-resistant sorghum genotypes

ABSTRACT

Use of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars with partial resistance to Striga spp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (FOS) represents a novel strategy to control Striga. This study aimed to identify the nature of gene action controlling grain yield and yield components and to select promising sorghum crosses possessing both FOS compatibility and Striga resistance, along with good combining ability effects. One-hundred hybrids, developed from pairwise matings among 10 FOS compatible, high-yielding female lines and 10 Striga-resistant male lines, were evaluated with and without FOS inoculation. The F₁s were field evaluated at three locations in Tanzania known for their severe Striga infestation, using an alpha lattice design with two replications. General (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were significant for grain yield per plant, hundred-seed weight, plant height, flowering time and the number of Striga plants. The study demonstrated FOS inoculation to be an effective means of controlling Striga. Families 675?×?672, AS435?×?3993 and 4643?×?AS436 displaying large SCA effects for grain yield, and 4567?×?AS429, 3424?×?AS430 and 3424?×?AS436 with small SCA effects for Striga counts should be useful genetic resources for breeding and integrated Striga management.     

马铃薯高世代选系疮痂病抗性评价及SSR辅助筛选

利用国外种质资源创造的20 份高世代马铃薯无性系为试材，以尤金为感病对照，克新18 号为抗病对照，采用自然 病圃和人工接种的鉴定方式进行疮痂病抗性评价，利用SSR 分子标记分析试材之间的亲缘关系，并对比SSR 遗传相似性系 数聚类结果和试材抗病性分类结果，探究利用SSR 分子标记辅助筛选疮痂病抗病资源的可行性。从试验地土壤和感病块茎 共分离纯化具有链霉菌特征的菌株278 份，其中240 份来自于块茎，38 份来自于土壤。具有致病力的菌株127 株，经鉴定 全部属于Streptomyces scabies 菌种。试材间的抗病性存在明显差异，可分为高抗、中抗、中感和高感4 个类型。人工接种与 自然病圃抗性鉴定结果存在极显著相关（R²=0.946 7）。抗病类型与感病类型通过SSR 遗传相似性系数聚类大致可以区分。     

Genome-wide association study for spot blotch resistance in Afghan wheat germplasm

Spot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat globally, especially in South Asia and South America. Understanding the genetics of resistance to SB is important for developing breeding strategies to improve resistance. A panel of 301 genotypes from Afghanistan was phenotyped over two crop seasons using a mixture of virulent B. sorokiniana isolates and genotyped using DArTSeq to obtain genome-wide markers. Fifty genotypes (16.6%) showed disease scores less than the resistant control. Principal component analysis using the genotypic data clustered the genotypes into five different groups. Among models used for genome-wide association mapping, the multilocus mixed model, and fixed and random model circulating probability unification algorithms were most effective in identifying significant marker-trait associations (MTA). Twenty-five MTAs at p ≤ .001 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D, indicating the quantitative nature of resistance to SB. Phenotypic variation explained by these markers ranged from 2.0% to 17.7%, and genomic regions on the chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 5B coincided with loci identified in previous studies. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosomes 1B (SNP 1113207) and 5A (SNPs 5411867 and 998276) were significant in both crop seasons as well as in the combined analysis across seasons. Marker 5411867 is close to Vrn-A1, shown to be associated with SB in previous studies. Furthermore, among known SB resistance genes, Sb2 on chromosome 5B was predicted to be significant in this panel.     

山东省小麦田大穗看麦娘抗性水平、靶标抗性机理及田间防除效果测定

【背景】大穗看麦娘（Alopecurus myosuroides）是我国大陆近几年新发展蔓延的一种恶性禾本科杂草,目前已在山东、河南、河北、安徽等省有分布,且分布面积不断扩大。【目的】明确山东省冬小麦田大穗看麦娘对常用除草剂的抗性水平及部分种群产生抗性的机理,并评价不同除草剂对其田间防除效果,为制定小麦田大穗看麦娘防控技术规程提供理论依据。【方法】室内采用整株生物测定法测定9个大穗看麦娘种群对乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）抑制剂除草剂啶磺草胺、甲基二磺隆以及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）抑制剂除草剂唑啉草酯、炔草酯、精噁唑禾草灵共5种除草剂的抗性水平,并对产生抗性的种群进行靶标基因检测,同时分别在冬前和冬后开展田间试验,评价不同除草剂对大穗看麦娘的田间防除效果。【结果】室内测定结果表明,种群8（JN2）对啶磺草胺和甲基二磺隆产生明显抗性,相对抗性指数分别达到47.32、15.97,靶标基因检测显示,该种群内植株ALS基因编码的第197位点氨基酸发生由脯氨酸（CCC）到苏氨酸（ACC）的突变;所有种群对唑啉草酯、炔草酯和精噁唑禾草灵均表现敏感。田间试验结果表明,冬前使用除草剂对大穗看麦娘的防除效果优于冬后使用除草剂的效果,冬前唑啉草酯对大穗看麦娘鲜重防效为98.6%,而冬后处理为89.1%;冬前使用啶磺草胺、甲基二磺隆对大穗看麦娘的株防效和鲜重防效在72.2%—89.3%,冬后使用则为68.6%—83.2%;唑啉草酯、炔草酯和精噁唑禾草灵对大穗看麦娘均表现出很好的防除效果,冬前使用的株防效和鲜重防效均在96.2%以上,冬后使用在82.6%—92.2%。【结论】供试的9个大穗看麦娘种群中,发现1个种群对甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺产生较高抗性,但未发现对唑啉草酯等产生抗性的种群,室内试验和田间试验结果具有一致性。     

The effects of various plant protection methods on the development of Zymoseptoria tritici and Cephalosporium gramineum,grain yield and protein profile

Septoria leaf blotch progresses rapidly, leading to the development of Zymoseptoria titici forms resistant to fungicides. Cephalosporium stripe is caused by Cephalosporium gramineum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected pesticides in limiting the symptoms of both diseases on winter wheat leaves, and to determine their influence on grain yield and the content and composition of protein fractions in wheat kernels. Propiconazoles were most effective in inhibiting the development of Septoria leaf blotch (symptoms were reduced from 54.7% to 78.6%). Strobilurins were less effective due to the presence of isolates with the G143A mutation. Symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe were rarely observed, and protective treatments did not reduce their severity. The highest content of grain protein (14.81%) was found in plants most intensely protected with the fungicides containing fenpropimorph, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole. The principal component analysis revealed that the plant protection method influenced the grain protein profile. The accumulation of HMW glutenins and α/β gliadins was mutually interrelated and higher in high-input treatments; control grain was characterized by close relationships between ω-gliadins, LMW glutenins, albumins and globulins, whereas low-input treatments influenced mostly γ-gliadins.     

Reversing effect of naringin on cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer A549/DDP cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of naringin (NRG) on cisplatin (DDP) resistance in human lung cancer A549/DDP cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS: A549/DDP cells were cultured in vitro and treated with NRG and/or DDP at different concentrations for 24 h, and then the cell viability were measured by CCK-8 assay. The combination index (CI) of NRG and DDP were analyzed by Chou-Talalay method. The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to detect the protein levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), p-Akt, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax.RESULTS: The protein levels of P-gp, MRP1, p-Akt and CXCR4 in the A549/DDP cells were higher than those in the A549 cells (P<0.05). The cell viability was remarkably reduced in a dose-dependent manner when A549/DDP cells were exposed to NRG and/or DDP (P<0.05), and the IC₅₀ values of NRG and DDP were 36.92 μmol/L and 129.77 μmol/L, respectively. When the inhibition rate exceeded 15%, NRG in combination with DDP produced a synergistic effect (CI<1). Combination treatment with NRG and DDP significantly induced apoptosis (P<0.05), up-regulated the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and down-regulated the protein level of Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Meanwhile, NRG remarkably down-regulated the protein levels of P-gp, MRP1, p-Akt and CXCR4 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: NRG may enhance the sensibility of A549/DDP cells to DDP most likely via up-regulating the protein level of Bax and down-regulating the protein levels of Bcl-2, P-gp, MRP1, p-Akt and CXCR4.     

新营养健康资源:白背天葵的研究进展

本文介绍了白背天葵的基本概况,包括生物学特性、来源与分布、栽培种植技术,系统地综述了营养价值、活性物质组成及生物学功效,并从中医学理论对其药理作用进行了阐述。此外,全面分析了白背天葵的研发现状及存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了相应的展望,以期为白背天葵的研发利用提供理论依据,为食品工业的发展提供新的动力。     

褪黑素诱导小豆抗锈病机理的初步研究

为明确外源褪黑素诱导小豆抗锈性的作用及机理,以感病小豆品种‘宝清红’为材料,采用叶面喷施不同浓度褪黑素激发处理小豆真叶,而后对真叶挑战接种锈菌夏孢子,结果表明,低浓度(11.61 mg/L)褪黑素可显著提升小豆对锈病的抗性。夏孢子萌发试验表明,褪黑素对夏孢子萌发及芽管生长无显著抑制作用,表明褪黑素无抑菌活性。进一步的基因表达分析发现,与对照相比,褪黑素激发诱导了水杨酸(SA)通路关键基因NPR1于接种后24 h显著上调表达,且病程相关蛋白PR1、几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)及PR5均于接种后24～120 h被显著诱导表达,说明褪黑素可能通过诱导NPR1表达,进而激活下游PR蛋白的高水平应答,使感锈病小豆品种获得对锈病的抗性。